Oil prices extended gains on Monday as Israel and Iran pounded each other with missiles for a fourth day and threatened further attacks, stoking fears of a lengthy conflict that could reignite inflation.

Gold prices also rose back towards a record high, thanks to a rush into safe havens. However, while most equity markets dropped further into the red, the losses were limited on hopes that the conflict would not spread through the Middle East.

Investors were also gearing up for key central bank meetings this week, with a particular eye on the US Federal Reserve and Bank of Japan, as well as talks with Washington aimed at avoiding Donald Trump’s sky-high tariffs.

Israel’s surprise strike against Iranian military and nuclear sites on Friday – killing top commanders and scientists – sent crude prices soaring as much as 13 percent at one point on fears about supplies from the region.

Analysts also warned that the spike could send inflation surging globally again, dealing a blow to long-running efforts by governments and central banks to get it under control and fanning concerns about the impact on already fragile economies.

“The knock-on impact of higher energy prices is that they will slow growth and cause headline inflation to rise,” said Tony Sycamore, a market analyst at IG.

“While central banks would prefer to overlook a temporary spike in energy prices, if they remain elevated for a long period, it may feed through into higher core inflation as businesses pass on higher transport and production costs.

“This would hamper central banks’ ability to cut interest rates to cushion the anticipated growth slowdown from President Trump’s tariffs, which adds another variable for the Fed to consider when it meets to discuss interest rates this week.”

Both main oil contracts were up more than one percent in early Asian trade.

Fed, BoJ in focus

But Morningstar director of equity research Allen Good said: “Oil markets remain amply supplied with OPEC set on increasing production and demand soft. US production growth has been slowing, but could rebound in the face of sustained higher prices.

“Meanwhile, a larger war is unlikely. The Trump administration has already stated it remains committed to talks with Iran.

“Ultimately, fundamentals will dictate price, and they do not suggest much higher prices are necessary. Although the global risk premium could rise, keeping prices moderately higher than where they’ve been much of the year.”

Stocks in Hong Kong, Sydney, Singapore, Wellington, Taipei, Bangkok and Jakarta all fell but Tokyo was boosted by a weaker yen, while Shanghai, Seoul and Manila also edged up.

Gold, a go-to asset in times of uncertainty and volatility, rose to around $3,450 an ounce and close to its all-time high of $3,500.

Also in focus is the Group of Seven summit in the Canadian Rockies, which kicked off Sunday, where the Middle East crisis will be discussed along with trade in light of Trump’s tariff blitz.

Investors are also awaiting bank policy meetings, with the Fed and BoJ the standouts.

Both are expected to stand pat for now but traders will be keeping a close watch on their statements for an idea about the plans for interest rates, with US officials under pressure from Trump to cut.

The Fed meeting “will naturally get the greatest degree of market focus”, said Chris Weston at Pepperstone.

“While the market sees no chance of a rate cut at this meeting, we do get a new set of economic and Fed funds projections” and where decision-makers stand on their outlook for future movements, he added.

“The Fed should remain sufficiently constrained by the many uncertainties to offer anything truly market-moving and the statement should stress that policy is in a sound place for now.”

In corporate news, Nippon Steel rose more than three percent after Trump on Friday signed an executive order approving its $14.9 billion merger with US Steel, bringing an end to the long-running saga. Key figures at around 0230 GMT

• West Texas Intermediate: UP 1.2% at $73.88 per barrel

• Brent North Sea Crude: UP 1.1% at $75.02 per barrel

• Tokyo - Nikkei 225: UP 1.0% at 38,193.39 (break)

• Hong Kong - Hang Seng Index: DOWN 0.3% at 23,823.92

• Shanghai - Composite: UP 0.2% at 3,382.90

• Euro/dollar: DOWN at $1.1538 from $1.1540 on Friday

• Pound/dollar: DOWN at $1.3552 from $1.3560

• Dollar/yen: UP at 144.27 yen from 144.04 yen

• Euro/pound: UP at 85.14 pence from 85.11 pence

• New York - Dow: DOWN 1.8% at 42,197.79 (close)

• London - FTSE 100: DOWN 0.4% at 8,850.63 (close)