WARSAW/LVIV. US President Joe Biden called Russian leader Vladimir Putin a butcher who "cannot remain in power" after meeting Ukrainian refugees in Poland, as Kremlin forces stepped up attacks across Ukraine, including the western city of Lviv.

Biden's improvised remark, an escalation of US rhetoric towards Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, was not a call for regime change in Russia, a White House official said, but meant to prepare the world's democracies for an extended conflict.

Just before he spoke outside Warsaw's Royal Castle on Saturday, four missiles hit the outskirts of Lviv, just 60 km (40 miles) from the Polish border, local officials said.

Another strike significantly damaged Lviv's infrastructure but no deaths were reported from either attack.

As the fight since Russia's Feb 24 invasion of its neighbour drags on, a visibly irritated Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy again demanded Western nations send military hardware.

He asked whether they were intimidated by Moscow, saying, "We've already been waiting 31 days."

Biden, in a fiery speech ending a European trip aimed at bolstering Western resolve, framed the war as part of a historic struggle for democratic freedoms.

"For God's sake, this man cannot remain in power," Biden said as he ended his speech. The Kremlin dismissed the comment, saying: "That's not for Biden to decide. The president of Russia is elected by Russians."

Biden, after meeting refugees in Poland, called Putin a "butcher".

"We need to be clear-eyed. This battle will not be won in days or months," he said. "We need to steel ourselves for a long fight ahead."

Moscow says the goals for what Putin calls a "special military operation" include demilitarising and "denazifying" its neighbour. Ukraine and its Western allies calls this a pretext for an unprovoked invasion.

Russia has failed to seize any major Ukrainian city and the conflict has killed thousands of people, sent nearly 3.8 million abroad and driven more than half of Ukraine's children from their homes, according to the United Nations.

Fighting, bombing nationwide

Western intelligence officials say Russian forces now rely on indiscriminate bombardments rather than risking large-scale ground operations, a tactic that could limit Russian military casualties but would harm more civilians.

Ninety-year-old Olha Moliboha escaped from the northern city of Chernihiv just before Russia destroyed a bridge linking it to Kyiv, preventing further evacuations or humanitarian supplies.

"They attacked and bombed us. They destroyed everything in our city. So many children have died, so many women," Moliboha, now in Poland, said tearfully from a wheelchair, her dog on her knees. "All our houses are destroyed, they are not there anymore. There is nowhere to live."

Russian forces seized Slavutych, a town where workers at the defunct Chernobyl nuclear plant live, and the mayor said three people were killed, Interfax Ukraine news agency reported.

Ukrainian staff have continued to work at Chernobyl after the site of the world's worst nuclear accident was seized by Russian forces.

Russian forces fired at a nuclear research facility in Kharkiv, Ukraine's parliament said.

The General Staff of Ukraine’s Armed Forces said on Sunday that Russia continued with its "full-scale armed aggression", while Ukrainian forces had repulsed seven attacks in the eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, destroying several tanks and armoured vehicles.

Reuters could not independently verify the accounts of fighting throughout Ukraine.

In the encircled southern port of Mariupol, Mayor Vadym Boichenko said the situation remained critical, with street fighting in the centre. Mariupol has been devastated by weeks of Russian fire.

Russia said last week it had evacuated several hundred thousand people from the war zone, but Ukraine says thousands of its residents, including from Mariupol, have been illegally deported.

Ukrainian officials asked the International Committee of the Red Cross not to open a planned office in Russia's Rostov-on-Don, saying it would legitimise Moscow's "humanitarian corridors" and the abduction and forced deportation of Ukrainians.

Ukraine waits

The United States, which has pledged billions in aid, promised an additional $100 million for field gear and civilian security assistance for Ukraine's border guard and police.

Zelenskiy compared Mariupol's devastation to the destruction inflicted on the Syrian city of Aleppo by Syrian and Russian forces in Syria's civil war.

He warned of dire consequence if Ukraine - one of the world's major grain producers - could not export its foodstuffs and urged energy-producing countries to boost output so Russia cannot use its oil and gas wealth to "blackmail" other nations.

The UN has confirmed 1,104 civilian deaths and 1,754 injuries in Ukraine and says the real toll is likely higher. Ukraine says 136 children have been killed.

Russia's defence ministry said 1,351 Russian soldiers had been killed and 3,825 wounded, the Interfax news agency reported on Friday. Ukraine says 15,000 Russian soldiers have been killed. Reuters could not independently verify the claims.