The Australian internet regulator said ​it was investigating five of the biggest social media platforms for suspected breaches of its new under-16 ‌ban, its strongest signal yet that companies may face enforcement action under a world-first regime.

The announcement marks the government’s first public assessment of compliance with the law that is being studied by policymakers globally.

Weak adherence by the biggest platforms could undermine the momentum of governments ​considering similar restrictions.

eSafety Commissioner Julie Inman Grant said Meta’s Facebook and Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok and Google’s YouTube had ​been flagged for potential noncompliance, and the watchdog was gathering evidence for possible penalties, with a ⁠decision by mid-year.

“While social media platforms have taken some initial action, I am concerned through our compliance monitoring that ​some may not be doing enough to comply with Australian law,” she said in a statement.

“We are now moving into an ​enforcement stance,” Inman Grant added.

Meta and Snap said they were committed to complying with the ban, and a Meta spokesperson added the government’s own trial of age-assurance technology found “natural error margins” around the 16 age cutoff.

TikTok declined to comment, and a Google spokesperson was not immediately available.

Under ​Australian law, platforms face a fine of up to A$49.5 million ($34 million) for noncompliance, and the regulator added on Tuesday that they also face reputational damage if found in breach of the law.

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The global push for greater regulation of ‌such platforms ⁠has gained momentum after US courts found social media companies negligent for designing addictive algorithms that hurt children.

Australia’s eSafety initially hailed the ban’s success, saying in the initial weeks the platforms took down 4.7 million suspected underage accounts, and on Tuesday, it said platforms had stopped another 300,000 underage accounts from being activated.

But the regulator reported compliance gaps, including platforms prompting children who ​had previously declared ages under ​16 to do fresh ⁠age checks, allowing repeated attempts at age-assurance tests until a child got a result over 16 and poor pathways for people to report underage accounts.

“Sometimes we’re finding that a key tea supplier is just not able to provide the volumes that they did the previous year.“

Some platforms did not use age-inference, which ​estimates age based on someone’s online activity, and some only used age-assurance measures like ​photo-based checks after ⁠a user tried to change their age, rather than at sign‑up.

That made it “likely many Australian children aged under 16 have been able to create accounts on age‑restricted social media platforms by simply declaring they are 16 or older”, the regulator said.

Nearly one-third ⁠of parents ​reported their under-16 child had at least one social media account after ​the ban took effect, of which two-thirds said the platform had not asked the child’s age, it added.

Communications Minister Anika Wells accused the platforms of using ​tactics “right out of the big-tech playbook … to undermine Australia’s world-leading law”.