The European Union agreed on Friday to indefinitely freeze Russian central bank assets held in Europe, removing a big obstacle to using the cash to help Ukraine defend itself against Russia.

The EU wants to keep Ukraine financed and fighting as it sees Russia’s military attack as a threat to its own security.

To do so, EU states aim to put to work some of the Russian sovereign assets they immobilised after Moscow’s 2022 attack on Ukraine.

A first big step, which EU governments agreed on Friday, is to immobilise 210 billion euros ($246 billion) worth of Russian sovereign assets for as long as needed instead of voting every six months on extending the asset freeze.

This removes the risk that Hungary and Slovakia, which have better relations with Moscow than other EU states, could refuse to roll over the freeze at some point, forcing the EU to return the money to Russia.

Planned loan to Ukraine

The indefinite asset freeze is meant to help convince Belgium to support the EU’s plan to use the frozen Russian cash to extend a loan of up to 165 billion euros to Ukraine to cover its military and civilian budget needs in 2026 and 2027.

Kyiv war damages, making the loan effectively a grant that advances future Russian reparations payments.

EU leaders – the European Council — are to meet on December 18 to finalise details of the reparations loan and resolve remaining problems, which include guarantees from all EU governments for Belgium that it would not be left alone to foot the bill should a potential Moscow lawsuit prove successful.

Before that, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will visit Berlin for talks with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz on Monday, with further European, EU and NATO leaders joining them later, the German government said.

Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko, writing on X social platform in English, praised the decision as a “landmark step toward justice and accountability”.

“This decision strengthens the foundation for the reparations loan mechanism and brings us closer to a future in which Russia pays for its crimes and destruction caused,” she wrote.

Germany sees no alternative to the reparations loan and would provide 50 billion euros in guarantees, European diplomatic sources said.

Danish Finance Minister Stephanie Lose, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency, told reporters “some worries” still needed to be addressed, but “hopefully we’ll be able to pave the way towards a decision at the European Council next week.”

European Commissioner for Economy Valdis Dombrovskis said solid guarantees were being put together for Belgium.

Russian central bank suing Euroclear

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said on Facebook he believed the EU move to freeze Russian assets indefinitely via a qualified majority vote – requiring the support of 15 of the 27 member states representing 65% of the EU population – would cause irreparable damage to the bloc.

Hungary would do all it could to “restore a lawful state of affairs,” he said.

Russia’s central bank said the EU plans to use its assets were illegal and reserved the right to use all available means to protect its interests, remarks shrugged off by Dombrovskis.

The bank also said it was suing the Brussels-based central securities depository Euroclear – which holds 185 billion euros of the total assets frozen in Europe — in a Moscow court over what it said were damaging actions, affecting its ability to dispose of its funds and securities.

Euroclear has been subject to Russian lawsuits in Moscow courts since the EU froze the assets in 2022.

EU accession talks

The Financial Times reported that Ukraine could join the EU by January 1, 2027, under proposals being discussed in US-mediated talks on ending the war.

Talks on EU accession, a long-held goal for Kyiv as it seeks to move further out of Moscow’s orbit, usually take many years.

A European diplomat briefed on the plan said Ukrainian accession would be “extremely difficult” to achieve by 2027 and that it was not clear whether the EU leadership backed this.

Several other European officials and diplomats said the target date was “absolutely impossible.”