The National Institute of Health (NIH) has issued a serious warning regarding a rise in diphtheria cases across Pakistan, following its second advisory on the matter.

Health officials have reported fatalities and numerous infections, particularly highlighting a tragic toll of over 100 deaths in Karachi alone.

Diphtheria, caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe complications, including respiratory distress and death if not treated promptly.

The NIH emphasized the urgent need for enhanced vaccination efforts, as many affected children have not received the necessary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccinations.

With the disease’s transmissibility increasing during the cooler, drier season, health authorities are under pressure to implement immediate preventive measures and improve public health education.

The advisory noted that diphtheria spreads rapidly in crowded and unhygienic environments, common in urban slums and public gatherings.

To combat the outbreak, healthcare facilities are urged to stock diphtheria antitoxin and essential antibiotics such as erythromycin and penicillin.

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The NIH has also called for better training for healthcare providers in early diagnosis and management of the disease to prevent further fatalities.

Public health campaigns are recommended to raise awareness about diphtheria symptoms and the importance of vaccination, as well as to encourage prompt medical attention.

Enhanced laboratory support for diagnosing diphtheria is being established to facilitate effective case management and control efforts.