The troops stormed a house late Wednesday in an area of mountainous Nuristan province that is near the border with Pakistan, provincial police said.
They were acting on intelligence that a group of Taliban had gathered in the area to plan attacks on foreign and Afghan troops, police deputy criminal investigation director Abdul Ghani told AFP.
"Coalition forces attacked the house and killed four Taliban. Two other Taliban were arrested alive," he said.
The coalition said it had been acting with the Afghan intelligence directorate.
The US coalition, which entered Afghanistan in late 2001 to overthrow the extremist Taliban government, is focused on counter-terrorism operations.
It numbers about 8,000 soldiers with a separate 31,000-troop NATO-led force also trying to bring stability to the volatile country.

Copyright AFP (Agence France-Presse), 2006