Bellowing "Quit now before it's too late," the protestors from the main opposition Awami League massed outside the election commission office in the centre of the capital.
The opposition accuses election commissioner M.A. Aziz of having rigged voter lists in favour of the outgoing Bangladesh Nationalist Party government.
The elections are slated to be held in January.
There was no violence at the demonstration but police briefly detained 11 women activists who sneaked into the election office premises, said police officer Mahbubur Rahman.
The protest came days after Aziz declared he would not bow to calls for his resignation and insisted he was a neutral player in the electoral process.
Bangladesh's caretaker government has appealed to Aziz to resign to avert more street violence and end a political deadlock that is jeopardising the parliamentary elections.
The Awami League and its 13 left allies say fair elections cannot take place if Aziz, a retired Supreme Court judge, remains as head of the election commission and say they will boycott the polls.
Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina Wajed renewed warnings this week that the opposition would resume countrywide street protests Sunday if the caretaker government headed by President Iajuddin Ahmed failed to sack Aziz.
At least 25 people died in clashes between rival party activists after the government's five-year mandate expired late last month.
The caretaker government, which took the reins on October 28, must hold elections within 90 days of its take-over.
Analysts say a crisis looms as the process of removing an election commissioner against his will is complex and lengthy and involves setting up a judicial commission that must find him guilty of gross misconduct or physical or mental incompetence.

Copyright AFP (Agence France-Presse), 2006