Bribery culture is rising sharply in the United States of America as Mexican smugglers bribe US federal and local officials to move narcotics or illegal immigrants across the US-Mexican border, a report said on Monday.
At least 200 public employees have been charged with helping to move narcotics or illegal immigrants across the US-Mexican border since 2004, at least double the illicit activity documented in prior years, a Times examination of public records has found. Thousands more are under investigation, The Los Angeles Times reported Monday.
The culture of corruption is taking hold along the 2,000-mile border from Brownsville, Texas, to San Diego.
Criminal charges have been brought against Border Patrol agents, local police, a county sheriff, motor vehicle clerks, a FBI supervisor, immigration examiners, prison guards, school district officials and uniformed personnel of every branch of the US military, among others.
The vast majority have pleaded guilty or been convicted.
Officials in Washington and along the border worry about what lies below the surface.
"It is the tip of the iceberg," said James "Chip" Burrus, assistant director of the criminal investigation division of the FBI.
"There is a lot more down there. The problem is, you don't know what you don't know."
What is known from court cases, other public records and dozens of interviews is alarming enough. Some schemes have displayed considerable sophistication among Mexican drug lords, and their success shows a discouraging willingness by public employees to take tainted money.
Though America's southern border may evoke images of a poor backwater, it is alive with vast amounts of ill-gotten wealth, shadowy organisations that ply the waters of the Rio Grande, and brazen schemes that seem borrowed out of Cold War espionage.
Perhaps the most revealing example of smugglers' savvy was their cultivation of the highest-ranking FBI official in El Paso, Special Agent in Charge Hardrick Crawford.
FBI agents thought they had turned alleged drug kingpin Jose Maria Guardia into an informant, but Guardia was working as a double agent for the Mexican drug lords. He drew Crawford into a personal friendship, and provided a job for Crawford's wife, a country club membership for the couple and family trips to Las Vegas.
In August, after the chummy relationship became public, Crawford was convicted on federal charges of trying to conceal his friendship with Guardia. He could be sentenced to up to five years in prison and fined half a million dollars.
Drug rings once planted a mole in a federal agency, and officials worry others are lurking. The rings have entangled US agents in sexual relationships. And they have amassed files on individual US agents, with details about their finances, families and habits even the kind of bicycles their kids ride.
"They hire guys to watch the narcotics agents," says Lee Morgan II, who retired as the head of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in Douglas, Ariz., this year. "They know what time we get up in the morning. When we go to work. What kind of car your wife drives.
"We had an informant tell us he saw a film of us as we exited our office that was being shown in Mexico. They had our license plate numbers."
The Mexican criminal networks can afford lavish payoffs. Bribery payments have topped $1 million.
Paul K. Charlton, US attorney for Arizona since 2001, is convinced border corruption is worsening and jeopardising the trust that US communities place in their government.
"The concern for me is that we can very quickly develop a culture that would be more accepting of that kind of misconduct," Charlton said. "You only have to look south of the border to see what happens when a certain level of corruption is accepted."
Officials warn that the risk of public corruption will grow as Congress and the Bush administration respond to public demands to improve border security. Customs and Border Protection, a part of the Department of Homeland Security, wants to add 10,000 employees to its workforce of 42,000, most of whom are already stationed along the Mexican border.
"If you increase the number of people on the border, you are going to get more corruption," said the FBI's Burrus.
Stepped-up border security also makes corruption all the more necessary to smugglers.
"As we tighten up on the border, it will make it harder for the traffickers to get across," said Johnny Sutton, US attorney for Texas' Western District. "You have to be creative about getting your poison into the US Obviously, corrupting the officials is a part of it."