Xi did not identify specific opportunities or risks, but analysts say slower economic growth and demographic decline pose key challenges for the world’s second-largest economy.

In a 40-minute speech at Beijing’s Great ​Hall of the People, China’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong urged party cadres to ​actively recognise and adapt to change, while promoting the party’s work.

“China’s development is currently ⁠in a period where strategic opportunities, and risks and challenges coexist,” said Xi, who called for the party to better ​coordinate efforts to tackle domestic and international issues.

Faced with external challenges from Western-led curbs on technology to turbulent trade ties with ​the United States and tension over Taiwan, party leaders consider it a critical task to strengthen their grasp on all aspects of Chinese society.

Numbers at 100 million since 1921 founding

Founded by just dozens of Chinese revolutionaries in 1921, the party now ​claims more than 100 million members, or 7.2% of China’s population.

Its ambition today is to transform itself into the world’s “most ​powerful political party”, from the world’s “largest political party,” the official Xinhua news agency said in an editorial this week.

Xi asked members to ‌stamp ⁠out aspects harmful to the party’s advancement and “purity”, as well as “all viruses that erode the party’s healthy body”.

Since coming to power in 2012, Xi has worked to reassert the party’s unquestioned authority at home, demand loyalty and unflinching discipline among its ranks, and expand China’s global influence.

He has launched one of China’s most sweeping ​graft crackdowns since Mao’s day, ​investigating millions of officials ⁠at all levels, purging hundreds, along with top generals, in the years-long campaign.

Political reeducation course for senior officers

After a corruption purge of nearly all top military ranks, Xi ​sent senior officers on a 10-week political reeducation course in April, urging them ​to be loyal ⁠to the party’s belief, its organisation and cause.

On Wednesday, Xi also talked about advancing China’s ambition to achieve “reunification” with Taiwan, calling for thorough implementation of the party’s strategy on “resolving the Taiwan issue”.

Beijing claims the democratically governed island ⁠as its ​own territory, a contention Taipei rejects.

China has never renounced the ​use of force to bring Taiwan under its control, and its military operates daily around the island, which mounted combat-readiness drills last week in ​response.