Following US-Israeli attacks, Iran disrupted traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a key shipping route through which about 20 percent of global oil and gas exports pass.

The disruption, along with strikes on energy infrastructure in parts of the Gulf, has driven sharp increases in energy prices worldwide.

The crisis has also affected related industries, including helium supply used in manufacturing and fertilisers, impacting agricultural production and sowing seasons in several regions.

Experts say the biggest challenge is restoring stable and predictable shipping flows through the Strait of Hormuz.

Analysts note that vessel traffic through the waterway dropped sharply during the conflict, highlighting the scale of disruption to global oil trade.

They say full normalisation could take weeks or months, depending on infrastructure recovery and broader regional stability.

Some countries, including Iraq, have also reduced output due to storage constraints, further tightening supply.

Economists warn that even with a ceasefire, a higher risk premium on Gulf energy supplies is likely to keep prices elevated compared to pre-conflict levels.

Experts also say that while some blocked supplies could return to the market in the short term, any recovery remains dependent on the durability of the ceasefire and broader political agreements.